Cat and catkeepers in Rome

Natoli, E., Ferrari, M., Bolletti, E., & Pontier, D. (1999). Relationships between cat lovers and feral cats in Rome. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals, 12(1), 16-23.


The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between cat lovers and feral cats in Rome. One hundred and fifty-eight cats from 3 populations were observed for 1108 hours of data collection: some demographic characteristics of the colonies were investigated, together with the behavior of cat lovers (those who fed and cared for the cats). The quantity of food eaten and uneaten by the cats was recorded, and the cost to support each colony calculated. The quantity of food provided ranged from 20.47 to 264 kg/month. The mean quantity of food eaten/day by each cat in the study areas never surpassed 130.4 g. In total, the quantity of food wasted ranged from 522 g to 34.05 kg/month. The results of this study can help public administrations decide on how to allocate funds for the management of feral cats. Indeed, they provide statistics on the individual food intake/cat/day, as well as information on the type of collaboration one should expect from cat lovers. In addition, this study outlines advantages and limits of the "Roman model" where the Public Veterinary Services (PVS) and associations of cat lovers cooperate to manage feral cats.

TNR ineffective without awareness

Natoli, E., Maragliano, L., Cariola, G., Faini, A., Bonanni, R., Cafazzo, S., & Fantini, C. (2006). Management of feral domestic cats in the urban environment of Rome (Italy). Preventive veterinary medicine, 77(3), 180-185.

In Italy, which is rabies-free, the national Law No. 281 [Legge Nazionale 14 agosto 1991. No. 281: Legge Quadro in materia di animali di affezione e prevenzione del randagismo. Gazz. Uff. Rep. Ital. no 203 del 30 agosto 1991: p. 3] on the management of pets and on the control of feral cats has introduced the no-kill policy for this species. Thus, “trap-neuter-release” (TNR) programs have been carried out for >10 years. In this paper we present data on registered colonies and censused cats in Rome from 1991 to 2000; the results of the neutering campaign from 1991 to 2000; and a survey, on 103 cat colonies, on the effects of demographic control of urban feral-cat colonies in the city of Rome, carried out by the local Veterinary Public Services (VPS) in collaboration with the associations of cat care-takers. In 10 years almost 8000 were neutered and reintroduced in their original colony. The spay/neuter campaigns brought about a general decrease in cat number but the percentage of cat immigration (due to abandonment and spontaneous arrival) is around 21%. This suggests that all these efforts without an effective education of people to control the reproduction of house cats (as a prevention for abandonment) are a waste of money, time and energy.

Controversy around feral cats at Rome's archeological sites

Squires, N. 2012. Stray cat colony in ancient Roman temple is declared a health hazard. The Telegraph 3/11/12.

For as long as anyone can remember, cats have roamed the marble columns of the ancient site in Rome where Julius Caesar was murdered by Marcus Brutus and his band of senators.

Now, though, the felines of the Largo Argentina archaeological site have fallen victim to a conspiracy themselves. Rome's modern-day rulers have declared them a health hazard.

Both the cats and the staff at the informal sanctuary that looks after them have been given their marching orders, despite the animals becoming a popular tourist attraction in their own right.

City heritage officials say that the sanctuary, which lies just on a pedestal just a few yards from where Caesar was hacked down, must close because it is unhygienic, was built without proper planning permission and compromises one of Italy's most important archaeological sites.

"How was it possible that these cat lovers were able to construct their refuge on an ancient monument?" asked Andrea Carandini, a former president of the national cultural heritage council.

But the volunteers who run the refuge, a tiny, cave-like space packed with cats of every colour and pattern, have vowed to fight the eviction order. They said they provide a vital service for the city, taking in strays, sterilising them, and giving them food and medicine.

The cats – there are currently 250 of them – have free run of the adjoining remains and can be seen lounging in the sun on broken bits of marble, padding along fallen pillars and sleeping curled up on the corrugated iron roofs which protect the monuments from rain."Without us here the cats would be begging for food on the pavements and getting run over by trams and buses on the streets – it would be a disaster," said Lia Dequel, one of the founders of the refuge.The volunteers also denied that they had built the facility illegally, saying the space they took over 19 years ago had been dirty, damp and abandoned. The site itself was discovered in the 1920s after falling into decay at the end of the Roman Empire and lying buried for centuries."From what the authorities are saying, you would think we were occupying the Parthenon," said Silvia Viviani, co-founder of the refuge. "I'm a Roman and I'm very proud of our ancient heritage but we are not damaging anything here." The refuge attracts tens of thousands of tourists a year, who descend the metal steps leading down from street level to stroke the cats and buy cat-related t-shirts, fridge magnets and other souvenirs, the money from which helps keep the place going."It's a fantastic place," said Cristina Lazzaroni, who was visiting from Milan. "I cannot see that it is damaging the ruins. Romans have always lived with cats. These people are doing good work."However, the issue has now even been taken up by parliament, with a senator from the centre-left Democratic Party declaring last week that it was "unthinkable" that ancient Roman ruins should be treated in such a wayValerio Massimo Manfredi, an archaeologist, insisted the cats should be transferred elsewhere. "This is an extraordinarily important area that dates from the Roman Republican era and is where Julius Caesar was murdered," he said.