Urban cat density more depending on shelter than on food

Calhoon, R.E. & Haspel, C. 1989. Urban Cat Populations Compared by Season, Subhabitat and Supplemental Feeding. Journal of Animal Ecology. 58(1): 321–328.

(1) Population densities of free-ranging cats were compared in two contiguous urban subhabitats, in three seasons, and in response to supplemental feeding.

(2) One subhabitat, characterized by voluminous, poorly contained refuse, and many abandoned buildings, supported 4.88 +- 0.82 cats ha-1 (mean +- S.D.), which differed significantly from the 2.03 +- 0.2 cats/ha supported by the other subhabitat (partial refuse containment, few abandoned buildings). 

(3) Neither season nor supplemental feeding had a significant effect on population density. 

(4) The distribution of individuals within the study area varied with the availability of shelter and was not dependent upon food.

Demography and ecology of free-ranging dogs in North America

Daniels, T. J., & Bekoff, M. (1989). Population and social biology of free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris. Journal of Mammalogy, 70 (4) 754-762.

Population size and density, age structure, survivorship patterns, sex ratios, and social organization of urban, rural, and feral dog (Canis familiaris) populations were examined in Cd. Juarez, Mexico (urban site) and on the Navajo reservation (rural and wild sites) between June 1983 and December 1984. Urban and rural dogs were less social than expected whereas feral dogs characteristically lived in packs. Seasonal variation in the structure of feral dog packs was influenced by reproduction, both directly (pups born into the pack) and indirectly (pregnant females may temporarily emigrate form the pack to give birth).



Daniels, T. J., & Bekoff, M. (1989). Spatial and temporal resource use by feral and abandoned dogs. Ethology, 81(4), 300-312.

We compared spatial and temporal patterns of resource use by feral and abandoned domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on the Navajo reservation in Arizona and New Mexico. Community dumps provide locally abundant food resources utilized both by feral dogs and dogs abandoned at the dump site. Although population parameters were much the same for feral and abandoned dogs, the use of space varied distinctly and reflected behavioral differences in the way each population responded to the absence of human control, the need to acquire food, and the developmental state of pups. Temporal use of resources by feral dogs varied seasonally with the age of pups in one pack, but not in a second pack. Priority of access to local resources may be influenced by aggressive interactions among dogs at a dump. Barking may serve to warn dogs already present at a dump that competitors have arrived.

Home range of free-roaming cats in NY

Haspel, C. & R.E. Calhoon. 1989. Home ranges of free-ranging cats (Felis catus) in Brooklyn, New York. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67: 178-81.

Home range size is stable among free-ranging cats in Brooklyn, New York. Marked male and female cats had mean home ranges of 2.6 (95% CI, 2.38–2.87) and 1.7 ha (95% CI, 1.57–1.98), respectively, as estimated by the population utilization distribution. Males had significantly larger home ranges, used the perimeter of their ranges more, and had greater variability in home range size than females. Gender differences in body weight accounted for observed differences in home range size; the seeking of estrous females by males could not account for differences in male and female home ranges. The availability of garbage or abandoned buildings, neighborhood, season, or experimental supplementary feeding did not influence home range size.

Population and social biology of free-ranging dogs

Daniels, T. J., & Bekoff, M. (1989). Population and social biology of free-ranging dogs, Canis familiaris. Journal of Mammalogy, 754-762.

Population size and density, age structure, survivorship patterns, sex ratios, and social organization of urban, rural, and feral dog (Canis familiaris) populations were examined in Cd. Juarez, Mexico (urban site) and on the Navajo reservation (rural and wild sites) between June 1983 and December 1984. Urban and rural dogs were less social than expected whereas feral dogs characteristically lived in packs. Seasonal variation in the structure of feral dog packs was influenced by reproduction, both directly (pups born into the pack) and indirectly (pregnant females may temporarily emigrate form the pack to give birth).

Cat predation on turtle hatchlings

Seabrook, W. 1989. Feral cats (Felis catus) as predators of hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas). J. Zool., Lond., 219: 83-88

In many parts of the world feral animals have been reported to have severe effects on marine turtle hatchling production. In this study, green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings were shown to be an important component of the diet of the feral cat (Felis catus) on Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles, and feral cat activity in the coastal areas was found to be concentrated on the beaches used most intensively by turtles for nesting. The impact of the feral cat's predation on green turtle recruitment could not be determined. However, despite cat predation, the size of the Aldabran green turtle nesting population has increased considerably since human exploitation ceased.

Dog predation on livestock in NSW

Fleming , P.J.S. & T.J. Korn. 1989. Predation of livestock by wild dogs in eastern New South Wales. The Australian Rangeland Journal 11(2) 61 - 66

A monthly survey involving officers from eastern New South Wales Pastures Protection Boards was conducted over four years from 1982 to 1985. Information was collected on the number and type of livestock attacked within each board district, sightings of wild dogs, the number of wild dogs killed, the method by which they were killed and the locations at which the observations occurred. A total of 25,644 livestock animals were reported killed or wounded from four regions; the North-East Coastal Region, the North-East Tablelands Region, the Central-East Region and South-East Region. Sheep were the most commonly attacked domestic animals followed by cattle and goats. Regional differences were apparent in the type of livestock killed and seasonal patterns of predation were evident. We recommend that annual control programmes be brought forward from June/July to late April in order to precede predation peaks.